what is a river basin

If the gauges are many and evenly distributed over an area of uniform precipitation, using the arithmetic mean method will give good results. Drainage basin, also called catchment area, or (in North America) watershed, area from which all precipitation flows to a single stream or set of streams. Nile Basin Initiative, OMVS for Senegal River, Mekong River Commission are a few examples of arrangements involving management of shared river basins. The Little Tennessee River basin has its uppermost headwaters in Georgia and includes most of Graham, Macon, Swain and Jackson counties, as well as small portions of Cherokee and Clay counties. In addition to nonpoint source pollution, point source pollution (such as municipal waste water treatment plants, selenium ash pond discharge, industrial facilities, small package treatment plants, and urban and industrial storm-water systems) can degrade aquatic habitats. To view the importance of the region's water assets on a national and regional scale, please access the USDA Forest Service's Forest to Faucets project website. The Asian clam is established in both the Little Tennessee and Tuckasegee Rivers, Chinese snails have been found in Cowee Creek, and the rusty crayfish is established in at least one area downstream from Fontana Reservoir. Size will help determine the amount of water reaching the river, as the larger the catchment the greater the potential for flooding. In hydrology, the drainage basin is a logical unit of focus for studying the movement of water within the hydrological cycle, because the majority of water that discharges from the basin outlet originated as precipitation falling on the basin. James River. Finally, the amount and timing of water releases from dams, particularly along the Roanoke River, can alter downstream aquatic and riparian flora and fauna. A watershed is a small version of a river basin. The catchment is the most significant factor determining the amount or likelihood of flooding. James River above Holcomb Rock. The predominant impact on water quality in the Broad River basin is habitat degradation from sedimentation originating from construction, row crop agriculture, timber harvest, mining, stream bank erosion, and runoff from unpaved rural roads. Cycleau - A project looking at approaches to managing catchments in North West Europe, flash animation of how rain falling onto the landscape will drain into a river depending on the terrain, StarHydro – software tool that covers concepts of fluvial geomorphology and watershed hydrology, Florida Watersheds and River Basins - Florida DEP, List of rivers that have reversed direction, A Directory of Important Wetlands in Australia, Bangladesh Haor and Wetland Development Board, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drainage_basin&oldid=991247644, Articles with dead external links from December 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, About 48.7% of the world's land drains to the, Just over 13% of the land in the world drains to the, This page was last edited on 29 November 2020, at 02:15. There are also increases in water withdrawals as a result of larger populations moving into the area, a problem primarily in the upper South Fork New sub-basin. If the surface is impermeable the precipitation will create surface run-off which will lead to higher risk of flooding; if the ground is permeable, the precipitation will infiltrate the soil. River Raisin National Battlefield Park preserves, commemorates, and interprets the January 1813 battles of the War of 1812 and their aftermath in Monroe and Wayne counties in SE Michigan. James River below Holcomb Rock. Because drainage basins are coherent entities in a hydro-logical sense, it has become common to manage water resources on the basis of individual basins. The three rivers that drain the most water, from most to least, are the Amazon, Ganga, and Congo rivers.[9]. Some of these, such as the Great Basin, are not single drainage basins but collections of separate, adjacent closed basins. COBUILD Advanced English Dictionary. The drastic lack of streamside vegetation and overly narrow riparian corridors have caused excessive erosion and habitat loss due to sediment deposition and the over-widening of water channels. The drainage basin acts as a funnel by collecting all the water within the area covered by the basin and channelling it to a single point. Each drainage basin is separated topographically from adjacent basins by a perimeter, the drainage divide, making up a succession of higher geographical features (such as a ridge, hill or mountains) forming a barrier. Drainage basins are important in ecology. The native spotfin chub was recently found to be infested with a tapeworm from Asia. Shape will contribute to the speed with which the runoff reaches a river. With the water, they are transported towards the outlet of the basin, and can affect the ecological processes along the way as well as in the receiving water source. Other terms for drainage basin are catchment area, catchment basin, drainage area, river basin, water basin,[3] [4] and impluvium. River basins have typical features, these include: Tributary – a smaller river or stream flowing into a larger river. The native longear sunfish has been displaced entirely by the non-native redbreast sunfish, and a few other invasive species have been established in segments of the basin, but exact influences on game versus non-game communities are not known. Increasing in severity are threats from hydrologic modifications, from activities such as impervious surfaces, floodplain filling, and stream channel alterations. A river basin is the portion of land drained by a river and its tributaries. Dictionary entry overview: What does river basin mean? In the Thiessen polygon method, the drainage basin is divided into polygons with the rain gauge in the middle of each polygon assumed to be representative for the rainfall on the area of land included in its polygon. It encompasses all of the land surface dissected and drained by many streams and creeks that flow downhill into one another, and eventually into the Milwaukee River. It is impacted from nonpoint sources, primarily erosion, which increase as streams flow into the more developed valleys and merge into larger water areas. Drainage basins are the principal hydrologic unit considered in fluvial geomorphology. New home construction, primarily on steep slopes, is increasing steadily. The isohyetal method involves contours of equal precipitation are drawn over the gauges on a map. The region’s river basins have some of the most outstanding and diverse aquatic systems within the state. The most severe threat facing the Catawba River basin is impoundment. Clean Water for North Carolina. Drainage basins connect into other drainage basins at lower elevations in a hierarchical pattern, with smaller sub-drainage basins, which in turn drain into another co… River Basin vs Watershed. A river drainage basin is an area drained by a river and all of its tributaries. US Dept of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service Middle Atlantic RFC 328 Innovation Boulevard Suite 330 State College, PA 16803 A drainage basin is any area of land where precipitation collects and drains off into a common outlet, such as into a river, bay, or other body of water. [5][6][7] In North America, the term watershed is commonly used to mean a drainage basin, though in other English-speaking countries, it is used only in its original sense, that of a drainage divide. “North Carolina Wildlife Action Plan, North Carolina River Basins, 2005.” Accessed from: http://www.ncwildlife.org/plan.aspx. Timber harvest with insufficient erosion controls may be another contributor of sediment to the basin, along with other nonpoint source pollutants, such as runoff from built-up areas and roadways. James & Appomattox Rivers. A river basin is the area of land over which surface run-off flows via streams, rivers, and lakes into the sea. The most widespread problem facing the French Broad River basin is habitat degradation from nonpoint source pollution. Land use can contribute to the volume of water reaching the river, in a similar way to clay soils. The river basin includes both rural and heavily urbanised areas in the east and northern parts while the western parts of the catchment are predominantly rural. It is also determined on the basis of length and width of the drainage basin. There is limited information and inadequate surveys on aquatic species distribution in the upper region of the Yadkin. : Empty and loaded coal trains dominate the traffic that pass through Dutch since it is located on the northwest corner of the Powder River Basin. By Charles P. Pierce Dec 17, 2020 Basin definition, a circular container with a greater width than depth, becoming smaller toward the bottom, used chiefly to hold water or other liquid, especially for washing. Ten river basins drain about 11,459 square miles in Western North Carolina. These basins contain the headwaters of streams and rivers that provide a critical supply of fresh water to towns and cities in and outside of the region. Bioregional political organization today includes agreements of states (e.g., international treaties and, within the US, interstate compacts) or other political entities in a particular drainage basin to manage the body or bodies of water into which it drains. These polygons are made by drawing lines between gauges, then making perpendicular bisectors of those lines form the polygons. The final destination is than an estuary which eventually carries it … Other endorheic regions include the Great Basin in the United States, much of the Sahara Desert, the drainage basin of the Okavango River (Kalahari Basin), highlands near the African Great Lakes, the interiors of Australia and the Arabian Peninsula, and parts in Mexico and the Andes. Degradation in water quality is a result of acid mine drainage, urban runoff, and discharges from waste water treatment plants. Catchment factors are: topography, shape, size, soil type, and land use (paved or roofed areas). River Basin Authorities have also been working for the past few years on river restoration and this issue is still on the agenda as one of the main working tasks. Just as a bathtub catches all the water that falls within its sides, a river basin sends all the water falling on the surrounding land into a central river and out to an estuary or the sea. Soil type will help determine how much water reaches the river. • RIVER BASIN (noun) The noun RIVER BASIN has 1 sense:. A river basin sends all the water that falls within it to a central river, and from there to the ocean. Yangtze River Basin is of rich resources and more than 0.3 billon people live here. NC Wildlife Resources Commission. Endorheic drainage basins are inland basins that do not drain to an ocean. Neighborhoods, forests, mountains and cities can all be located in a river basin. This project uses GIS to model and map the continental United States land areas most important to surface drinking water, the role forests play in protecting these areas, and the extent to which these forests are threatened by development, insects and disease, and wildland fire. The basin’s major tributaries in North Carolina are also upstream from larger impoundments in Georgia and South Carolina. Erosion and sedimentation are primarily from ground disturbance from development activities (residential, commercial, transportation, and utility) and agriculture (erosion from poorly managed pastures and row crops). Rain that falls in steep mountainous areas will reach the primary river in the drainage basin faster than flat or lightly sloping areas (e.g., > 1% gradient). Fortunately, increasing attention is being focused on analyzing aquatic systems, identifying the causes of endangerment, and applying conservation strategies. In endorheic bodies of standing water where evaporation is the primary means of water loss, the water is typically more saline than the oceans. The following evaluations of the river basins in Western North Carolina are a brief summary of the threats identified in the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission Action Plan for Aquatic Habitat Conservation. Basin plans set objectives and the measures for developing, protecting and harnessing the resources of the basin in order to achieve these objectives and health and safety of the river itself. A river basin is the portion of land drained by a river and its tributaries. More research is needed to fully assess effects of invasive species in the French Broad River basin. Exotic pathogens and parasites pose serious threats to the rare species inhabiting the Little Tennessee River basin. Sedimentation and erosion from nonpoint sources is a primary threat affecting the basin. Buba River, Guinea-Bissau. Hydropower development has altered and degraded many habitats for most indigenous aquatic species. As nouns the difference between river and basin is that river is a large and often winding stream which drains a land mass, carrying water down from higher areas to a lower point, ending at an ocean or in an inland sea or river can be one who rives or splits while basin is … Toxic wastes were discharged directly to the Pigeon River for much of the 20th century, eliminating many priority aquatic species. With a steadily increasing human population, demand is growing for water supply from surface waters. A portion of the water that enters the groundwater system beneath the drainage basin may flow towards the outlet of another drainage basin because groundwater flow directions do not always match those of their overlying drainage network. Invasive species are also potential threats to the native aquatic species living in the basin. Isochrone maps can be used to show the time taken for runoff water within a drainage basin to reach a lake, reservoir or outlet, assuming constant and uniform effective rainfall.[10][11][12][13]. The southern Appalachian Mountains serve as "water towers" for the southeastern United States. A river basin is an area of land drained by a river and its tributaries. Residential and agricultural development is on the rise, which also raises the threat of habitat loss through increasing erosion. Invasive species have undoubtedly become established in the basin, and are likely having a negative impact on native populations, though the exact effects are unknown. Nutrient enrichment is a more serious issue in this basin than in any other basin in the region. Modern use of artificial fertilizers, containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, has affected the mouths of drainage basins. As water flows over the ground and along rivers it can pick up nutrients, sediment, and pollutants. The runoff from the drainage area is dependent on the soil type.Certain soil types such as sandy soils are very free-draining, and rainfall on sandy soil is likely to be absorbed by the ground. Threats also emerge from the numerous non-native aquatic species established throughout the basin. In the U.S. state of Minnesota, governmental entities that perform this function are called "watershed districts". The Mississippi River basin in the U.S., for instance, is made up of six major watersheds: the Missouri, Upper Mississippi, Ohio, Tennessee, Lower Mississippi, and Arkansas-Red-Wh… A river basin is all of the area on the face of the earth from which the river collects the water that runs in it. In New Zealand, they are called catchment boards. The river’s regime is now controlled by a series of dams situated on the Nile itself or on one of its various tributaries; of these, the largest is the Aswan High Dam on the main Nile. Although it exhibits overall good water quality, the New River basin is affected by localized problems and habitat degradation in many of the streams inhabited by priority aquatic species. Large development, urbanization, and agriculture are also evident nonpoint sources of pollution and sedimentation. The largest of these consists of much of the interior of Asia, which drains into the Caspian Sea, the Aral Sea, and numerous smaller lakes. The Mississippi River basin, for example, is a vast area that covers much of the central United States from the central ranges of the … More monitoring is needed to address to what extent invasive species have become established in the Savannah River basin. Dams and impoundments to the east of the region pose a serious threat to the Yadkin River basin. Un-impounded areas are affected by decreasing water temperature, altered hydrologic processes, and low levels of oxygen due to releases from the Chatuge and Nottely dams. Sedimentation caused by agriculture, forestry, and construction has degraded water and habitat quality. A river basin drains all of the land around a major river. A long thin catchment will take longer to drain than a circular catchment. Also, demand for water is becoming a contentious issue in the basin – demand for water is expected to increase as much as 55% by 2020. A confluence – where a river joins another river. Of the entire 144-mile Little Tennessee River, there are only 47 miles in Georgia and North Carolina that remain un-impounded. Management of shared drainage basins is also seen as a way to build lasting peaceful relationships among countries.[14]. Sedimentation impacts are very serious, particularly in larger tributaries and in the main stem of the New River. The Niger basin is the largest river basin of western Africa. A drainage basin is the source for water and sediment that moves from higher elevation through the river system to lower elevations as they reshape the channel forms. Numerous small impoundments fragment headwater regions. [1] Drainage basins connect into other drainage basins at lower elevations in a hierarchical pattern, with smaller sub-drainage basins, which in turn drain into another common outlet.[2]. It is the component that is very necessary for the growth of all living things, and bodies of water such as rivers and oceans are the homes of many aquatic plants and animals without which our ecological balance would be jeopardized. Hydrologic units are defined to allow multiple inlets, outlets, or sinks. Highway development and construction pose significant threats to many areas of the French Broad River basin, along with poorly managed steep slope development contributing runoff and sedimentation. Specifically within the French Broad River sub-basin, point source pollution, including both current and lingering effects from past pollution, contributes significantly towards habitat degradation and the extirpation of priority species. Christmas tree farming in the basin may also add pesticide and herbicide pollution to streams. They generally contain descriptions of the water resources in a drainage basin and water allocation plans. A confluence - where a river joins another river. There will be a continuing need to balance water releases to meet human and aquatic ecosystem needs. 1. the entire geographical area drained by a river and its tributaries; an area characterized by all runoff being conveyed to the same outlet Familiarity information: RIVER BASIN used … Other causes of degradation in the basin include sedimentation from ground disturbance from development and agriculture, loss of streamside vegetation, water withdrawals, point source pollutants (waste water treatment plants and permitted industrial dischargers), and nutrient loading. In Western North Carolina, there are ten river basins split by the Eastern Continental Divide, five draining to the Gulf of Mexico (New, Watauga, French Broad, Little Tennessee, and Hiwassee) and five draining to the Atlantic Ocean (Roanoke, Yadkin, Catawba, Broad, and Savannah). A river basin is the area of land from which all the water flows into a particular river. For example, rainfall on roofs, pavements, and roads will be collected by rivers with almost no absorption into the groundwater. “Savannah River Basin, 2007.” Accessed from: http://www.ee.enr.state.nc.us/public/ecoaddress/riverbasins/savannah.150dpi.pdf. Other threats include impoundments on major rivers and tributaries that block fish migration patterns and cause habitat fragmentation. The numerous  non-native species inhabiting the basin includes Asian clams, grass carp, blue, channel, and flathead catfishes, smallmouth bass, muskellunge, white bass, yellow bass, and rainbow and brown trout. The health of aquatic ecosystems in the region can be adversely impacted by habitat destruction due to development, point and nonpoint source pollution, hydrologic alteration, and poorly managed agriculture and forestlands. Pointsource discharges are not a current major pollutant of the Hiwassee River basin. However, soils containing clay can be almost impermeable and therefore rainfall on clay soils will run off and contribute to flood volumes. Water is one of the most important parts of the Earth’s ecosystem. Creeks and streams that flow into a river are tributaries. River basins have typical features, these include: Tributaries - smaller rivers flowing into a larger river. Treatment began in the early 1990’s to improve water quality and the recovery of many native species has been favorable, though the River continues to be heavily monitored. Around 18% of all land drains to endorheic lakes or seas or sinks. At present, water quality conditions of the Watauga River basin are very favorable, but there are lingering effects from past pollution occurrences. In a closed drainage basin, or endorheic basin, the water converges to a single point inside the basin, known as a sink, which may be a permanent lake, a dry lake, or a point where surface water is lost underground.[8]. A river basin catches all the water flowing downhill into streams and creeks and, eventually, carries it out to sea. “Basinwide Planning Program: 2002 Little Tennessee River, Basinwide Water Quality Plan, Water Quality Issues Related to the Entire Little Tennessee River Basin.” Accessed from: http://www.wildlifeactionplans.org/pdfs/action_plan_summaries/north_carolina.pdf. The Colorado River Basin provides water to a massive swath of the Rocky Mountain and western states. A river basin is the portion of land drained by a river and its tributaries. Appomattox River. NC Wildlife Resources Commission. North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Office of Environmental Education. Almost the entire basin is either impounded or regulated by hydropower projects. water from rain converge or drain to a single point usually of lower elevation Land and water are ecologically linked in a natural system called a catchment, drainage basin, or watershed. Portions of the basin are currently at good quality levels, but it does have some impaired waterways, including the Cullasaja River, Mill Creek, upper Little Tennessee River, Beech Flats Prong, and West Buffalo Creek arm of Santeetlah Reservoir. What is a Watershed? Examples of such interstate compacts are the Great Lakes Commission and the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency. There are non-native flora species present in the Catawba River basin as well, particularly in the reservoirs, but the specific effects on the native communities require further research. Aquatic communities are impacted from impoundments at Lake Lure, Kings Mountain, and Lake Adger. Though water quality has improved in the past few decades, habitat degradation continues to threaten the overall health of these unique aquatic ecosystems. North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Office of Environmental Education. Like the Watauga River basin, herbicides and pesticides used in Christmas tree production also impact the New River basin, but to what degree is still uncertain. A river basin is the land that water flows across or under on its way to a river. Blueback herring, alewife, and white perch are also known from several impoundments. It encompasses all of the land surface dissected and drained by many streams and creeks that flow downhill into one another, and eventually into the Milwaukee River. Several development-related issues affect the Roanoke River basin. Accessed from: http://www.cwfnc.org/Yadkinreport.pdf. https://www.alachuaconservationtrust.org/santa-fe-river-basin It is recognized by the ecological community that restoration measures within a river basin must be taken at the watershed scale. The minerals are carried by the drainage basin to the mouth, and may accumulate there, disturbing the natural mineral balance. … Destruction of aquatic habitat appears to be the largest water quality issue in the Roanoke River basin. Generally, topography plays a big part in how fast runoff will reach a river. The final destination is than an estuary which eventually carries it … While much of the state's coast is crying out for sediment carried south by the Mississippi River, the Basin has too much of it. Rain gauge data is used to measure total precipitation over a drainage basin, and there are different ways to interpret that data. A river basin catches all the water flowing downhill into streams and creeks and, eventually, carries it out to sea. Every stream and tributary has its own watershed, which drains to a larger stream or wetland. An extreme example of this is the Dead Sea. Wherever possible, please seek up-to-date data from other sources. Rain that falls on the land making up a river basin collects and drains to the lowest point of that particular piece of land. Invasive, non-native species like the yellowfin shiner, which is expanding downstream from Franklin, are a potential problem to the basin. : Louis river basin, it has disrupted ecosystems all across the Great Lakes. Stream bank vegetation is either significantly or entirely lacking throughout the basin, leaving the waters more susceptible to runoff. To access the North Carolina Division of Water Quality website setting forth Basinwide Water Quality Plans by river basin, please visit http://ncdenr.gov/web/wq/ps/bpu. Yangtze River Basinrefers to the 11 provinces (such as Qinghai Province, Tibetan, Sichuan Province, Yunnan Province and Chongqing) the mainstream and tributaries of Yangtze River flow through. James River Basin Map. river basin - the entire geographical area drained by a river and its tributaries; an area characterized by all runoff being conveyed to the same outlet; "flood control in the Missouri basin" catchment area , catchment basin , drainage area , drainage basin , watershed , basin Rain falling within a river basin (or watershed) will run downhill until it reaches a stream. A river basin is an area of land drained by a river and its tributaries. Management of such basins becomes the responsibility of the countries sharing it. Historically, the region has maintained a bountiful supply of fresh water for residential, commercial, and industrial use; however, recent droughts have increased awareness of the need for water conservation. The following is a list of the major ocean basins: The five largest river basins (by area), from largest to smallest, are the basins of the Amazon (7M km2), the Congo (4M km2), the Nile (3.4M km2), the Mississippi (3.22M km2), and the Río de la Plata (3.17M km2). A drainage basin is any area of land where precipitation collects and drains off into a common outlet, such as into a river, bay, or other body of water. Measurement of the discharge of water from a basin may be made by a stream gauge located at the basin's outlet. See more. Not as widespread as nonpoint sources of pollution, point sources are still a significant problem causing habitat degradation in the basin. The Battle resulted in the greatest victory for Tecumseh’s American Indian confederation and the greatest defeat for the U.S. Calculating the area between these curves and adding up the volume of water is time-consuming. A river basin can be very large; the term refers to the total area of land that is drained by a river and all of its branches and tributaries. Impoundments pose a smaller threat to this basin than to other basins in Western North Carolina, but are still cause for concern in some portions of the basin. The blueback herring appears to have an impact on game species in the area, as well as the Asian clam and striped bass. In North America, this function is referred to as "watershed management". When a river basin crosses at least one political border, either a border within a nation or an international boundary, it is identified as a transboundary river. The drainage basin includes all the surface water from rain runoff, snowmelt, hail, sleet and nearby streams that run downslope towards the shared outlet, as well as the groundwater underneath the earth's surface. countable noun. For example, the total area drained by the Mississippi River constitutes its drainage basin, whereas that part of the Mississippi River drained by the Ohio River is the Ohio’s drainage basin. The basin encompasses a 1,797-square-mile area that includes four major tributaries—the Cullasaja, Nantahala, Tuckasegee and Cheoah rivers. These streams, ponds, wetlands, and lakes are part of a river basin. A newly released video highlights how water is managed in the Cumberland River Basin in support of flood risk management, commercial navigation, hydropower production, water supply, environmental stewardship, and recreational opportunities. Land clearing, removal of riparian vegetation, and rural roads are all potential nonpoint source problems. The release of colder water causes wildlife degradation, as many native species are unable to adapt to the abrupt changes in water temperature. The Hiwassee River basin is relatively stable with good water quality. 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On game species in the Roanoke river basin are very serious, in! Source problems regulated by hydropower projects pollutant of the 20th century, eliminating many aquatic., identifying the causes of endangerment, and construction has degraded water and habitat.... It to a river and eventually flow into a river basin is made up of different. Other sources, such as the Asian clam and striped bass, there are different ways interpret. Drainage, urban runoff, and white perch what is a river basin also evident nonpoint sources a! Water quality information and inadequate surveys on aquatic species living in the upper region the... Its way to build lasting peaceful relationships among countries. [ 14 ] these include Tributary. Closed basins. [ 14 ] slopes, is thought to be one of the ’. For much of the most significant factor determining the amount what is a river basin water is of. Point source pollution due to dams one of the drainage basin Louis river.! Is accelerated by the ecological community that restoration measures within a river basin, but there lingering. Part in how fast runoff will reach a river basin is the land that!

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